Resolving single molecule structures with Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond.

We present theoretical proposals for two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy protocols based on Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond that are strongly coupled to the target nuclei. Continuous microwave and radio-frequency driving fields together with magnetic field gradients achieve Hartmann-Hahn resonances between NV spin sensor and selected nuclei for control of nuclear spins and subsequent measurement of their polarization dynamics. The strong coupling between the NV sensor and the nuclei facilitates coherence control of nuclear spins and relaxes the requirement of nuclear spin polarization to achieve strong signals and therefore reduced measurement times. Additionally, we employ a singular value thresholding matrix completion algorithm to further reduce the amount of data required to permit the identification of key features in the spectra of strongly sub-sampled data. We illustrate the potential of this combined approach by applying the protocol to a shallowly implanted NV center addressing a small amino acid, alanine, to target specific hydrogen nuclei and to identify the corresponding peaks in their spectra

Quantifying coherence

We introduce a rigorous framework for the quantification of coherence and identify intuitive and easily computable measures of coherence. We achieve this by adopting the viewpoint of coherence as a physical resource. By determining defining conditions for measures of coherence we identify classes of functionals that satisfy these conditions and other, at first glance natural quantities, that do not qualify as coherence measures. We conclude with an outline of the questions that remain to be answered to complete the theory of coherence as a resource

Basics of quantum computation

Quantum computers require quantum logic, something fundamentally different to classical Boolean logic. This difference leads to a greater efficiency of quantum computation over its classical counter-part. In this review we explain the basic principles of quantum computation, including the construction of basic gates, and networks. We illustrate the power of quantum algorithms using the simple problem of Deutsch, and explain, again in very simple terms, the well known algorithm of Shor for factorisation of large numbers into primes. We then describe physical implementations of quantum computers, focusing on one in particular, the linear ion-trap realization. We explain that the main obstacle to building an actual quantum computer is the problem of decoherence, which we show may be circumvented using the methods of quantum error correction.Comment: 28 pages including 17 figures, invited basic review article for Progress in Quantum Electronic

Multiparticle entanglement under asymptotic positive-partial-transpose-preserving operations

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Teleportation, entanglement and thermodynamics in the quantum world

Quantum mechanics has many counter-intuitive consequences which contradict our intuition which is based on classical physics. Here we discuss a special aspect of quantum mechanics, namely the possibility of entanglement between two or more particles. We will establish the basic properties of entanglement using quantum state teleportation. These principles will then allow us to formulate quantitative measures of entanglement. Finally we will show that the same general principles can also be used to prove seemingly difficult questions regarding entanglement dynamics very easily. This will be used to motivate the hope that we can construct a thermodynamics of entanglement.Comment: Introductory article for Contemporary Physics, 46 pages in preprint forma

The physics of forgetting: Landauer's erasure principle and information theory

This article discusses the concept of information and its intimate relationship with physics. After an introduction of all the necessary quantum mechanical and information theoretical concepts we analyze Landauer's principle that states that the erasure of information is inevitably accompanied by the generation of heat. We employ this principle to rederive a number of results in classical and quantum information theory whose rigorous mathematical derivations are difficult. This demonstrates the usefulness of Landauer's principle and provides an introduction to the physical theory of information.Comment: 36 pages, 13 figures, Very basic introductory article for Contemporary Physic

High efficiency transfer of quantum information and multiparticle entanglement generation in translation-invariant quantum chains

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Entanglement-assisted local manipulation of pure quantum states

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Many-body physics and the capacity of quantum channels with memory

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Remarks on Duality Transformations and Generalized Stabilizer States

We consider the transformation of Hamilton operators under various sets of quantum operations acting simultaneously on all adjacent pairs of particles. We find mappings between Hamilton operators analogous to duality transformations as well as exact characterizations of ground states employing non-Hermitean eigenvalue equations and use this to motivate a generalization of the stabilizer formalism to non-Hermitean operators. The resulting class of states is larger than that of standard stabilizer states and allows for example for continuous variation of local entropies rather than the discrete values taken on stabilizer states and the exact description of certain ground states of Hamilton operators.Comment: Contribution to Special Issue in Journal of Modern Optics celebrating the 60th birthday of Peter Knigh